Today, plastics have become a ubiquitous part of our lives. We begin our day by brushing our teeth with nylon bristles, and then take a bath using a plastic bucket. We wear clothes made from Terylene and nylon and use plastic dishes & melamine crockery in the kitchen. We put on shoes with synthetic rubber soles and travel in cars & buses which employ a number of plastic parts. In all spheres of human activity ranging from agriculture, medical health, food packaging, automobiles, information technology to even space exploration and off-shore drilling, plastic has made its ubiquitous presence felt.
Just as plastics have become an everyday part of our lives today, so has become common the post-consumption litter of plastics.
Once manufactured, a single-use shopping carrybag made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) persists for over a 1000 years. An estimated 100 million tons of plastic litters our oceans forming giant gyres (plastic soups), with millions more tons added each year.
Currently, the pre-dominant mechanism for recycling of plastic wastes involves converting it to re-processed granules for subsequent use. This method is however limited to plastics of either single or compatible resin types. Presence of a polymer resin (say PVC) dispersed in a matrix of a second polymer resin (say PET) dramatically changes the properties of the mix and hinder the possibilities to re-process it using mechanical means.
Another problem with mechanical recycling is the presence in plastic waste of products made of the same resin but with different color, which usually impart an undesirable grey color to the recycled plastic. (Jenni Ylä-Mella 2005 & Aguado and Serrano 1999)
Consequently, as there exists no scalable, cost-effective technological solution for treatment of commingled, mixed-waste plastics -- globally much of plastic waste is presently landfilled or littered. Given their high energy content (approximately 10,000-11,000 Kcal / kg ) -- this is a humongous waste of calorific energy which also leads to significant health & ecological issues to human life, animal life & planetary ecosystems (case in point -- the Great Pacific Garbage Patch).
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (2009), the plastics recycling rate of 7.1 % is the lowest of all major recyclable materials. The amount of plastics landfilled in the United States in 2008 was estimated at 28.8 million tons*. The chemical energy contained in this material was 807 trillion BTU.
This amount of energy is equivalent to:
36.7 million tons of coal, or
139 million barrels of oil, or
783 billion cubic feet of natural gas
*Source : American Chemistry Council, 2011
The Hydrocarbon Catcracker
TM technology allows for recycling of commingled mixed plastic wastes into high-value, high calorific, lighter petroleum fuels. It offers a disruptive solution to an immensely large multi billion dollar market looking for technological solutions to solve the challenge of mixed waste plastic recycling.
If 25% of waste plastics which were being land-filled in USA alone were to be tapped by such a technology, it shall lead (across plant’s lifetime) to production of 230 million barrel of fuel oils (9.68 billion gallons) aggregating to a market value of approximately $23.03 billion (at $100 /barrel). Globally, the market size may be imagined to be many times higher than this.